Phlebologia

The popliteal fossa, a real venous crossroads, is the site of anastomosis of three superimposed venous planes: the short saphenous vein and its collaterals, which drain the subcutaneous zone: the medial and lateral gastrocnemius veins, which drain the intramuscular zone: and, finally, the popliteal vein, sometimes duplicated by a collateral vessel, which drains blood from the intermuscular zone (from peroneal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial veins). From a functional point of view, under physiological conditions, the intramuscular gastrocnemius veins represent…

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Examination of the muscular-venous network of the calf allows a better understanding of venous disease, as this constitutes the site of intimate relationships which involve the five components of venous hemodynamics: intravenous pressure, venous wall, valves, perivenous muscle, and muscle fascia. Clearly functional anatomy is particularly important in this context. The calf is a large muscle mass made up of the triceps surae muscle, composed of two planes: a superficial plane, comprising the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius…

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